FMSL · by MJ Celedon

What does a formula do at 0/0?

Type a formula in x and y (or x, y, z; or add a time t). FMSL computes every value it approaches near the origin, exactly and with proof. Beside it is what the usual "try a few paths" test would conclude.

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Exact · FMSL

Every value it approaches

The real line closed up into a circle: 0 at the bottom, ∞ at the top. The answer is always a point, an arc, or the whole circle.

[-1/2, 1/2]
NO LIMIT (proven)
The usual method

Limits along a few paths

along y = 00
along x = 00
along y = x0
along y = -x0
along y = 2x0
along y = x^20
along y = -x^20
along x = y^20

All paths give 0: the path test concludes the limit is 0.

Wrong: misses values the formula really takes

Scaling map

Which scale y ~ c·|x|^a decides the answer: at each scale the smallest-power terms win.

scaling map (y ~ c|x|^a; size of f ~ |x|^delta):
  0 < a < 3        N ~ x^3*y,  D ~ y^2:  f -> 0
  a = 3            BALANCE  N ~ x^3*y,  D ~ y^2 + x^6:  balance: f of order 1, depends on c
  a > 3            N ~ x^3*y,  D ~ x^6:  f -> 0
fluid state: [-1/2, 1/2]
  the end -1/2 is decided on: y = c*|x|^3  (x>0); y = c*|x|^3  (x<0)
  the end 1/2 is decided on: y = c*|x|^3  (x>0); y = c*|x|^3  (x<0)